Government Inefficiency and Policy Implications of Economic Research Essay

Government Inefficiency and Policy Implications of Economic Research - Essay Example Sections 861(b) and 862(b) state generally how to determine taxable income for a taxpayer with income sources within or without the United States after such source has been determined. Regulation 1.861-8 provides more information on allocating state and local taxes to U.S. - and foreign-source income (Kozub 2010, p.1). In return, we could see the effects of taxes in our country thru, for example, roads for better accessory of goods coming from farm to local markets and for better transportation; public schools to ensure the education of our children and our children’s children; and public funds to support and aid the citizens in terms of calamities and unforeseen disasters. Well, these are good aspects of tax in our society in which it ensures a good future for us and for the next generation. What seem to be erroneous so to speak now are the urge of the government and the abuse in the use of tax. We all know that the government highly depends upon its citizen’s support to make its substructure work. In the article made by Crane (2010, p.1), she criticized and questions the imposition of tax to the extent that everything that people do, the government will levy tax. It is also shown in her article the question on blurred distinction between income tax and property tax wherein the so-called right to jus fruendi or the right to use the fruit of the property is assumed to be just a constitutional right that is vested upon the citizens because of the unclear dissimilarity of the property and income tax. She made use of the farm, being a property as an example wherein â€Å"If the value of an asset that one assessor claimed had arisen in any one year, perhaps when the crops were first harvested, could be taxed again in another year (simply because that first year's base was used again as the measure of the tax), and then again when the value was transformed into a security, and then again when that security was transformed into cash, what was the diffe rence between a property tax and an income tax?† (1). Issues and Problems on taxes What I want to raise here as an issue would be the redundancy of the taxes that are being imposed on the citizens. The government is now being misunderstood because instead of him intervening in the affairs of the people, it is now the people intervening in the affairs of the government and making profit out of it. Thus, people discover the government not as a privileged position to serve the people, but rather, as a situation and a place of income, using the money of its citizens. As a result, heavy taxes are levied and other forms of it are implemented to gain more income, having in mind that the people could not resist it because it is mandated by the law. Moreover, the espousal of income taxes did not inevitably flow from economic forces, but rather was conditioned by social and political power and complex historical processes (Mehrotra 2010, p.1). History will show us that these kind of tax is a by-product of the excessive expenditure of the government in wars that they are engaged to or the destruction incurred are in large scale. They put the burden to the people to restore the economic power of the state, therefore, making the government to be financially strong again in the international arena because state and the government can hardly be distinguished nor separated. The government dictates what the people should do in

Subway Franchise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Subway Franchise - Essay Example Furthermore, it provides incremental income for the franchisor through royalty payments. Another advantage of the franchise concept is that it makes possible a faster expansion program for the franchisor supported by motivated distributors in the person of the franchisees (Om Sai Ram Center for Financial Management Research, 2006). The franchisees stand to benefit too from a franchise agreement. The franchisee gets to experience entrepreneurial autonomy using a proven concept, often with extensive recognition of the brand name (Om Sai Ram Center for Financial Management Research, 2006). The franchisee also benefits from the training programs provided by the franchisor, coupled with continuing supervision of the store. Although there are advantages to owning a franchise, franchisees are faced with disadvantages too. Decision-making is quite limited since the franchisee should follow the guidelines set by the franchisor (Om Sai Ram Center for Financial Management Research, 2006). In te rms of purchasing, the franchisee is forced to purchase supplies and equipment from the franchisor even if they are more expensive compared to other sources. They cannot carry other products and they must adhere to the quality standards of the franchisor. Moreover, most franchise agreements are skewed towards the franchisor. ... The three (3) resources that helped one decide which franchise to operate are: A. â€Å"View From the Top† by Nichole L. Torres (2005). This article delves into the reasons why Subway has been consistently in the top franchise list. It talks about how Subway values their franchisees, always making sure that they grow their market share. The article also points out that the entrepreneurial spirit of Subway’s franchises is a major strength of the company. B. â€Å"Subway Hits the Spot† by Dennis Romero (2009). The article discusses the attractiveness of owning a Subway franchise. It tells about how Subway has survived the economic downturn and how this downturn has helped boost its sales. The article points out that one strength of Subway is the upward flow of ideas from its franchisees. C. â€Å"Top 100 Global Franchises Ranking† by Franchise Direct (2012). This site was helpful in helping one decide which franchise to choose. It presented a list of the top 100 global franchises. It gave information about the initial investment needed to obtain the Subway franchise. It also showed that Subway occupies the number one spot in the Top 100 Global Franchises. It presented the support services that one can expect from a Subway franchise. These three resources have influenced one from choosing the Subway franchise. They have given an overview of how the Subway company operates. The articles discuss the strengths of the company and the reasons why it has survived despite the economic slowdown. The reports have extensive information about Subway’s success formula. Choosing a Subway franchise has several advantages. Foremost among this is that Subway is one of the world’s largest restaurant chains. Subway is a very popular brand all over the world; thus, it would not be

The Country Wife- Contextual Section Essay Example for Free

The Country Wife- Contextual Section Essay William Wycherley wrote The Country Wife in 1675 during the Restoration Period in England. He was born in 1641 at Clive Hall near Shrewsbury to a wealthy family, and he was educated in France where he spent most of his youth. Once Charles II was restored, he returned to England to study at Oxford, and then became a fine, fashionable gentleman in London, of strong intellectual power. There he was able to observe the attitudes and actions of similarly constituted social groups, whom would later be the basis of his plays. The Country Wife is a Restoration Comedy as it was written during the forty years after the restoration of King Charles II to the English throne. He had a particular passion for the theatre, and its development during this period was largely down to him. The civil war in 1642- the Puritan Revolution- had seen his father Charles I beheaded and Oliver Cromwell become the leader of England. This eighteen-year period- the interregnum- saw the puritans discourage and eventually completely ban drama, due to its connections with the monarchy and its immoral non-puritan values. After King Charles II was restored and therefore theatre, there was a general feeling of happiness and freedom in the country. People were interested in enjoying themselves after the long period of drudgery, thus increasing the popularity of theatre. The plays themselves were much more cheerful compared to the Elizabethan and Jacobean plays that they had proceeded, prompting the introduction of the Comedy of Manners. People wanted to laugh. There were other huge differences to how English Theatre was pre 1642. There were machinery allowing objects to fly and move, and there was moveable scenery permitting plays to be divided into scenes. This aided comedy of manners productions like The Country Wife to create a sense of deceit by allowing characters to hide and make numerous entrances and exits for example. However, the greatest change was that women were allowed on the stage. This was a novelty and plays were then able to use their sex appeal and flirtatiousness to include raunchier storylines, such as Horner and his many conquests in The Country Wife. Actresses spoke the prologue and epilogue, to charm the audience into applause and they established a sexual commerce with them. Many of the actresses entered the profession as orange sellers, and their talent as actresses was questioned due to their frequent liaisons with the aristocracy, including the King and Samuel Pepys. This is where the sexual connotations of oranges in The Country Wife originate.

Press Release Order Essay Example for Free

Press Release Order Essay The demand for International translation services has been constantly increasing for the past few years. Moreover, the growing number of Internet users every year has resulted into a similar and broader demand which is online translation. Basically, it is clear that these days, clients all over the world need quick and reliable technical translation services that they can easily access using the Internet. As a response to these demands, a leading translation company has recently expanded its business operation and has recruited professional translators who can fully meet the translation needs of clients from all around the globe. In a general meeting held last April 1st 2008, company Manager James Tate emphasized to the employees that the adequate staff replenishment in the company have made translation services more approachable. As Tate said in the meeting, â€Å"We are all human beings as well as our clients. Some of us question this fact because of enormous amount of orders, but it is unquestionable that our clients need permanent help and support, thus, we decide to help our support and translators’ teams in order to deliver effective services to our clients†. In the meeting, Tate further stated that the company’s current manpower that provides website translation service has constantly met the growing demands of clients in live support. According to Tate, the company is in the eventual expansive mode responding the world translation services, in which the company has grown and leading in both document translation service and foreign language translation. The manpower expansion of the company aims to deliver more professional translation services by adding twenty more high quality professional staff to double the translation capacities. Likewise, one of the important tasks in providing assistance to clients is the adequate maintenance of a live support. Tate believes that the live support is more significant in bringing about a personalized approach to clienteles and reaching out the services towards world translation. This kind of venture in international translation service has been a breakthrough of a reinvented industry using Internet technology. This venture operates like call center which is also a booming clientele-out-sourcing business. Likewise, the business in technical translation services is in the same league with other cyber technology innovations. In addition, some industrial technocrats perceive a looming demand in international translation services which may indicate vulnerability of competition, specifically by similar online business entities. One of the indications is the possible realignment of call centers into a one-stop-shop venture in business-process-outsourcing which may include technical translation services. This indication may not be a remote possibility reflective on the situation of the available technical manpower and academic professionals. Generally, the company’s online translation services would radiate a more definitive employment opportunity to absorb the people’s skills and potentials that are untapped by other industries and competing job markets. These skilled translators would then eventually become the cornerstone of a bigger and

Decision Support Methods in Healthcare

Decision Support Methods in Healthcare Introduction Currently, healthcare practitioners are working hard to ensure that the safety of patients is guaranteed. They are also working toward averting expensive lawsuits that result from medical malpractices. Additionally, medical practitioners have devised mechanisms for the bar-coding of medicines, patients, and nurses to ensure that patients receive safe medicines and quality healthcare services (Tan, Sheps, 1998). Some healthcare systems are using decision support methods and relational database design to make effective decisions concerning patients care. In this paper, I will discuss the decision support systems and relational database design of Partners HealthCare System, Inc. Partners HealthCare System, Inc. uses complex medical intelligence systems to enable doctors and nurses make efficient decisions as pertains to patient care. Electronic Medical Administration Record (EMAR) is one of the database management systems that the healthcare system uses to make decisions and carry out its activities. Partners HealthCare System is a network that consists of various healthcare facilities. The network has medical centers, community hospitals, specialty healthcare services, and several basic healthcare specialists (Lighter, Fair, 2000). Partners HealthCare System, Inc. employs Oracle and SQL for the warehousing of its data. It also uses it for data mining and OLAP applications. Additionally, the organization makes wide use of CACHE, an Intersystem Corp based in MA, for various clinical purposes. The HealthCare System separates their mission to offer important healthcare for patients from other applications. Moreover, the System selected CACHE because of its highly availability, and high demands of effective patient care. CACHE forms a significant part of Partners relational database design and web application setting. It is particularly relevant to Partners mission in clinical applications because of the technologys use of algorithms and schemas that store data effectively. The performance of the database is enhanced by the sparse matrix storage method. The organization manages the application of CACHE over the web and this helps the Partners to have an advanced and substantial processing of transactions. CACHE has a distributed protocol, which effectively lessens network traffic (Shortliffe, Cimino, 2006). Consequently, there is increased processing of transactions. Additionally, it is easy to scale up the technology to serve several users without compromising its performance. CACHE technological innovation is a significant tool for the development of applications for patient care because it handles data in a more flexible way than other conventional relational database structures. The clinical department of Partners HealthCare System has complicated forms of data. Consequently, a lot of data cannot be classified effectively into two-dimensional systems. The advantage of CACHE is that it can consider data in two or more than two dimensional structure when necessary (Harrington, 2002). Partners HealthCare System Inc. has developed a modern wireless EMAR as an artificial intelligence for patient care. This development has particularly replaced all paper works carried out by nurses in recording medicine dispensation to patients. Moreover, EMAR technology uses advanced decision support systems and features that promote client safety. Through the technology, the medications in storage facilities, such as the pharmacy dispensing equipment, is bar-coded to enable nurses to scan the ID to verify that correct medications are supplied to the right clients. Additionally, the practitioner can scan his or her ID badge to create a completed inventory track of the medication course. Highest verification of medication procedures, as indicated by one of Partners nurses, takes place in the pharmacy. When the medical practitioner feeds information into the system concerning the prescription, the medication order is examined before it is made available for the nurse to deal with. Some artificial intelligences employed in the prescription are based on probability of medication reactions, likely patient reactions to the medications, and likelihood of overprescribing drugs to patients in relation to previous prescriptions. EMAR technology constitutes of several electronic reminders that help nurses in their daily medication prescriptions thereby enabling them to solve problems arising during patient care processes. For instance, the technology provides cues that remind nurses concerning such issues like prescription overdue, or recording of patients pain level to decide whether the administration of a particular medication is effective or not. However, nurses take into consideration that EMAR checking does not replace their role in evaluating situations to make decisions (Shortliffe, Cimino, 2006). The checks enable nurses to have confidence that the safety of patients is guaranteed. EMAR is compressed in wireless computers and laptops with readers of bar-codes, and this allows nurses to move closely to the patients with their computer system. By bringing the scanner to the patients bedside, risks and errors are eliminated. For instance, if a medical practitioner enters a wrong medication order after a drug prescription at the pharmacy, the nurse will receive an alerting message on his or her laptop screen, as he or she scans the patient prior to drug administration. Artificial intelligence innovation for decision support is employed by various medical practitioners to make the decision support systems more useful. CACHE technology serves an important role in enhancing workflow among healthcare systems and benefits contributors. Through CACHE applications, insurance organizations are connected with healthcare systems to deliver services to patients. CACHE applications promote the workflow between third-party companies and Partners HealthCare System. For instance, relational database design of a real-time query between the healthcare organization and insurance firms aids in determining eligibility for benefits. This affects the organizations capacity to collect finances for a medical situation while improving the workflow (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2005). Applications have been developed to connect Partners system of order entry of medications to database of pharmaceutical organizations to ascertain whether particular medications are covered by particular payers. The incorporation of this element into the drug prescription process has resulted in improved workflow in drug prescription, and it ensures that Partners HealthCare System, Inc. is compensated for the medications prescribed. Partners HealthCare indicates that CACHE applications have benefits associated with their usage. This technological innovation employs open standards. Consequently, it enables interoperation among several platforms. Therefore, CACHE is crucial in the implementation of web services to link several systems. CACHE is also cheap because Partners achieve their mission for patient care from the product hardware without necessarily investing large amounts of funds in other technologies. Moreover, CACHE applications do not require complex management as compared to SQL and Oracle developments. CACHE is more accessible and easy to maintain whereby medical practitioners use computers directly in healthcare settings (Shortliffe, Cimino, 2006). The figure below represents an entity-relationship model used in Decision Support Methods in Healthcare and Relational Database Adopted from: http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/rpadman/Data%20management%20technologies-%20day%202%20slides.ppt Health and Human Services (HHS) department indicates that there is need for the advancement in the database systems of healthcare services to create a nationwide database that uses electronic medical recording to trail an individuals dealings with the healthcare system from birth till death. As a means of staying relevant to the HHS requirement, Partners HealthCare System has implemented an electronic health information management (e-HIM). This requires the healthcare organization to guarantee the accessibility of information to promote advanced healthcare provision and essential health matters required to make decisions for use in various environments and organizations. Nevertheless, these objectives will only be realized when there is efficient, accurate, reliable, and secure storage of information in efficiently designed automated databases (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2005). Relational database is the most common kind of database employed in healthcare systems. It tracks patient care including various forms of treatment, results from the treatments, and significant indicators of states of patients such as pulse rate, level of blood pressure, and blood glucose. Moreover, relational database interlinks with several information structures in healthcare service systems such as Partners. For example, a relational database in the section of cardiac care is linked directly with the registration system of the healthcare facility. Once a patient is registered, information concerning him or her is relayed to the database through health level seven procedures (Shortliffe, Cimino, 2006). This allows cardiac care practitioners to focus on offering the best care to the patient because they do not need to register the patient again. Relational database reduces the need for paperwork in recording and transfer of information. It also improves efficiency in healthcare systems while acting as an accounting tool. For instance, patients suffering from diabetes, who exhibit fairly similar signs and symptoms such as overweight and high levels of blood glucose, can be closely examined to ascertain the manner in which various medications, like Glucovance, help in managing their symptoms. Moreover, relational database is essential as it determines patients at risk, for instance, individuals with aneurysms in family history. When these patients are recognized they undergo screening to avoid suffering from certain ailments (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2005). Decision trees are used in Partners HealthCare System and other healthcare facilities to help in solving of clinical and healthcare problems. With the increase in the difficulty of clinical problems, there is an exponential increase in the probabilities and uncertainties, and this means that sophisticated solutions, rather than the simple ones, are required. Consequently, in these scenarios, decision trees become more suitable because they take into consideration weighted probabilities and anticipated outcomes (Harrington, 2002). Decision trees help in clinical situations because they present precisely and instructively the procedures with which the medical practitioner provides care to a patient as indicated by clinical and laboratory diagnostic results. The extensive procedures are routinely attained at basing on previous use of algorithms and decision trees in solving clinical problems. Medical practitioners use such procedures cautiously when practicing clinical medicine. When using decision trees, the physicians recognize that clinical decision models are different from mathematical representations. When protocols are employed to give directions, they prevent undesired or costly clinical processes (Tan, Sheps, 1998). Protocols are normally used to evaluate benefits of using a particular prescription or a new type of drugs. Accurate protocols allow for the collection of information from various healthcare facilities because patients are put under a stringently defined management process. Moreover, if the protocols are accurately defined and monitored, wise conclusions are reached at when drugs are used effectively. Protocols and other decision making techniques have various advantages. They enable clinical practitioners to efficiently learn on how to solve clinical problems. They enable medical practitioners to formulate some questions that enable them to define clinical problems at hand. They present precise scientific and systematic procedures for solving clinical problems. Moreover, they are efficient as regards to time, effort required, and cost. Decision trees and protocols form the foundation upon which significant knowledge of particular clinical problems is evaluated. Additionally, these decision making tools help medical practitioners to consult each other concerning particular clinical problems, and they form suitable means to evaluate clinical activities. Decision trees and protocols are also beneficial to patients because they increase the probability that the patient will receive high quality care, maximum effective results from medications, and more effective medical aid. Moreover, decision trees enable the avoidance of unnecessary prescriptions and medicines thereby assuring the client that only the necessary treatment is achieved. Furthermore, these tools ensure cost-effective and standardized treatment. Below is an example of a decision tree for appendicitis (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2005) Perforated Operate inflamed Decide now Perforated Not operate inflamed Perforated Patient worse Inflamed Perforated Wait seven hours Patient same Inflamed Expert systems and decision making techniques entails the clinical decision support systems CDSSs, which are computer programs devised to offer expert support to healthcare practitioners in the making of clinical decisions. These expert systems employ integrated clinical information to enable doctors to evaluate data concerning patients thereby making relevant decisions as concerns to the diagnosis of diseases, their prevention and medication. Expert systems are available in various healthcare departments including pharmacy, dentistry, and medicine (Lighter, Fair, 2000). Many CDSSs constitute of four fundamental components. These are inference engine (IE), knowledge base (KB), working memory, and the explanation module. The inference engine is the major part of the system, and it uses the information stored in the system together with the information about the patient to make decisions concerning particular situations. Moreover, the IE manages the kind of activity that the system can initiate. For instance, it establishes the alert and reminder procedures in an alerting mechanism. Moreover, it determines the conclusions or decisions that can be displayed on the screen of the diagnostic system. The KB represents the information used by the IE. For instance, in a case of caries, the KB will present information concerning the risks for fresh lesions and their levels. Knowledge bases are created either by a domain expert or by a computerized procedure. The creation of knowledge by an engineer involves the assistance of a clinical domain specialist who ed its and manages the KB. On the other hand, in a computerized process, information is obtained from external sources that include journal articles, books, and database using a particular computer application (Harrington, 2002). Information collected concerning a patient is stored in the database or modified into a message. This forms the working memory. Patients information ranges from demographic features such as gender and date of birth, drugs in use, allergies, and previous medical problems, among other data. All CDSSs do not contain the explanation module. The explanation module serves the purpose of creating validations for the decisions made by the IE when using the information in KB against patient information within the working memory. CDSSs work in a synchronized manner in that they communicate directly with the medical practitioner who waits for the information from the system. An example of this application is one which examines interactions between drugs or likely allergies experienced by patients in response to particular prescribed medicine. When working in a synchronous approach, CDSSs carry out their rationalizations in an independent manner without the aid of any user (Gillies, 2002). For instance, the production of a reminder for a checkup or hygiene takes place independently. Clinical Decision Support Systems are categorized as either open or closed loop structures. In open-loop system, the CDSS makes decisions but it does not initiate an action on its own. Examples of open-loop systems are applications that produce alerts or reminders. The eventual decision concerning the activity to be performed is determined by the medical practitioner. On the other hand, in closed-loop systems, the system initiates the action without involving a medical practitioner. Other significant types of CDSSs include consultation systems, clinical guidelines, and event monitors. A consultation system entails situations where a medical practitioner enters information concerning a patient into the system. Information entered may include patient demographic characteristics, medical history, and physical diagnosis, among others. The system then lists the problems related with the situation and provides possible solutions. An event monitor, on the other hand, constitutes of software that collects all data copies accessible in electronic design within the healthcare facility and employs its knowledge base to relay alerts and reminders to medical practitioners when necessary (Lighter, Fair, 2000). Clinical instructions are integrated in the CDSSs, and they are invented by clinical experts and distributed by professional or state organizations. In this case, the clinical guidelines serve as official statements to recommend the most appropriate practices as pertains to particular clinical problems. Researchers in clinical field have invented standardized representations of information to promote the sharing of the guidelines. An example of standardized representation of information is the Guideline Interchange Format (GLIF) or Arden Syntax. Arden Syntax refers to an American National Standards Institutes (ANSI) standard used to represent quantifiable clinical information (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2005). Arden Syntax presents decision rules known as medical logic model (MLM). Moreover, every MLM has adequate reasoning to enable it make a clinical decision. On the other hand, the Guideline Interchange Format (GLIF) constitutes of a format interpretable by the computer to enable representation of clinical practice directions invented by InterMed collaboration, which is a project carried out jointly at Stanford, McGraw, Harvard, and Columbia University laboratories (Gillies, 2002). This application serves as a language that can be used for general purposes to develop and implement clinical decision support systems, which are applied in various clinical spheres. Besides supplying recommendations for patient care, the application can be used to ensure quality and medical knowledge. Therefore, decision support systems help healthcare professionals to make relevant decisions when dealing with patient care to ensure maximum quality and safety for the patients.

Government and Politics - The Wisdom of Solomon Can Provide Mid-East peace :: Politics Political Essays

The story of King Solomon's wisdom is well known and presents a solution for the conflict over East Jerusalem, which contains the historic section of the city so highly prized for containing many famous religious sites: time-honored mosques, various Jewish, Christian and Islamic shrines, the Wailing Wall, the foundation to King Solomon's Temple, in short, the "Old City." East Jerusalem is currently the loggerhead in the Mid-East peace process. The Palestinians, with the support of the Arab states, say that come what may they must have control over East Jerusalem. A strong force in Israeli politics is of a similar opinion, saying that they will not compromise on this issue, that East Jerusalem must be under Israeli control. Unless a compromise is somehow reached, it appears that more people will die in the violence in this region, soldiers will die on both sides, more protesters will be killed, more people imprisoned, civilians including children, old men and women, even babies, will die as a direct result of the violence. In order to avoid any more violence perhaps we should turn to the story of wise old Solomon himself for the solution. It is said that once upon a time two women appeared before him, both claiming the right to a particular baby, each saying that she was the rightful mother of the child. Solomon proposed that the baby be divided in two, and half given to each woman. Hearing this, one of the women said, "No, don't do that, let the other woman have it." Solomon, in his wisdom, then gave the baby to this woman who obviously valued the life of the baby above her own interest in the matter. Seldom can an example like this be applied in its precise form, but it can be adapted to fit the dispute over East Jerusalem today. Obviously a present-day Solomon cannot threaten to destroy East Jerusalem and expect one of the sides to declare, "No! Let them have it." But something similar can be proposed, a solution that seems just as wise as Solomon's. Both sides can agree to a UN force moving in to raze all those ancient constructions, dynamite the traditional sites, leaving not one stone upon another. What would this solve? Well, most importantly, it would solve the conflict over East Jerusalem - no more violence, not one more death.

Criticisms of Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Eyre

Criticisms of Jane Eyre The major criticisms of the novel in question to be the melodrama used by the author and the wickedness of character shown in Jane and Mr. Rochester. While most critics admired the style of writing and truth of character portrayal, they did not admire the improbability of circumstances or the characters portrayed. Elizabeth Rigby (later Lady Eastlake) was probably the harshest critic, calling Jane Eyre â€Å"the personification of an unregenerate and undisciplined spirit.† Rigby strongly believed that, while Jane was portrayed with a great degree of accuracy, she was herself a flawed person. By making a flawed person interesting, Rigby alleged, the author was committing the greatest of wrongs. As to Jane’s character, Rigby’s main criticism was that Jane was unchristian. â€Å"Altogether the auto-biography of Jane Eyre is pre-eminently an anti-Christian composition. There is throughout it a murmuring against the comforts of the rich and against the privations of the poor, which, as far as each individual is concerned, is a murmuring against God's appointment—there is a proud and perpetual assertion of the rights of man, for which we find no authority either in God's word or in God's providence—there is that pervading tone of ungodly discontent which is at once the most prominent and most subtle evil which the law and the pulpit, which all civilized society in fact has at the present day to contend with. We do not hesitate to say that the tone of mind and thought which has overthrown authority and violated every code human and divine abroad, and fostered Chartism and rebellion at home, is the same which has also written Jane Eyre.† She expressed the popular sentiment of the time that Jane’s di... ... of Jane Eyre supporters. Bibliography of Works Used 1. Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre: A Norton Critical Edition 3rd ed. Richard J. Dunn Ed. WW Norton & Co. : New York, 2001 2. "Review of Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte." Critic (Oct. 1847): 277-8. 3. "Review of Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte." Graham’s Magazine (May 1848): 299. 4. "Rev. of Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte." Living Age (from the Christian Remembrancer) (1848): 481-7. 5. "Review of Jane Eyre." Spectator. (Nov. 1847): 1074-5. 6. "U. Review of Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte." Harbinger (April 1848): 189. 7. "Unsigned Review of Jane Eyre." Douglas Jerrold’s Shilling Magazine (Nov. 1847): 470-474. 8. Lewes, George Henry, "Recent Novels: French and English." Fraser’s Magazine (Dec. 1947): 689-95. 9. Rigby, Elizabeth, "Vanity Fair—and Jane Eyre." Quarterly Review (Dec. 1848): 153-185.